Selectors, Cascade & Specificity

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1. 1 How is specificity calculated, and how do inline styles and `!important` fit in? Easy
2. 2 What is the cascade, and in what order are conflicting declarations resolved? Medium
3. 3 What do `:is()`, `:where()`, and `:has()` do, and how does `:where()` affect specificity? Medium
4. 4 What's the difference between the descendant, child, adjacent-sibling, and general-sibling combinators? Medium
5. 5 What are CSS custom properties, and how does their inheritance differ from Sass variables? Medium
6. 6 What are cascade layers (`@layer`) and what problem do they solve? Hard
7. 7 How does `:has()` finally enable a 'parent selector', and give a real UI use case. Hard